595,134,445 Common Shares

30,750,261 Common Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants

10,214,365 Private Placement Warrants to Purchase Common Shares

This prospectus supplement supplements the prospectus dated November 9, 2021 (the “Prospectus”), which forms a part of our registration statement on Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form S-1 (No. 333-260619) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on July 28, 2022 and declared effective by the SEC on August 2, 2022. This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information in the Prospectus with the information contained in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 15, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”). Accordingly, we have attached the Quarterly Report to this prospectus supplement.

This prospectus supplement relates to the issuance by us of up to (i) 20,535,896 common shares, $0.0000000341740141 par value per share (the “Common Shares”), that are issuable by us upon the exercise of the outstanding public warrants (the “Public Warrants”), which were previously registered, and (ii) 10,214,365 Common Shares that are issuable by us upon the exercise of the private warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants” and, collectively with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) originally issued in a private placement.

This prospectus supplement also relates to the potential offer and sale from time to time by the securityholders named in the Prospectus or their permitted transferees (the “Holders”) of (i) up to 595,134,445 of our Common Shares, consisting of (x) 22,000,000 Common Shares issued in the PIPE Financing (as defined herein), (y) up to 10,214,365 Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants and (z) 562,920,080 issued and outstanding Common Shares held by certain Holders (including Common Shares underlying vested restricted share awards), and (ii) the Private Placement Warrants. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Shares or Private Placement Warrants by the Holders pursuant to the Prospectus.

Our Common Shares and Public Warrants are listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbols “ROIV” and “ROIVW,” respectively. On August 12, 2022, the last reported sale price of our Common Shares was $4.37 per Common Share and the last reported sale price of our Warrants was $0.57 per Warrant.

This prospectus supplement updates and supplements the information in the Prospectus and is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in combination with, the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto. This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, which is to be delivered with this prospectus supplement. If there is any inconsistency between the information in the Prospectus and this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.

We are an “emerging growth company” under federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of the Prospectus, and under similar headings in any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus, including this prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus supplement is August 15, 2022.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

OR

Commission File Number: 001-40782

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

+44 207 400 3347

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of August 12, 2022, the registrant had 703,625,412 common shares, par value $0.0000000341740141 per share, outstanding (the “Common Shares”).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Where You Can Find More Information

Investors and others should note that we may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (https://investor.roivant.com), filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), our corporate twitter account (@Roivant), other social media platforms, webcasts, press releases and conference calls. Similarly, our subsidiary Immunovant, Inc. may announce material business and financial information to its investors using its investor relations website (https://immunovant.com/investors), filings it makes with the SEC, social media platforms, webcasts, press releases and conference calls. We and our public company subsidiaries use these mediums to communicate with our and our public company subsidiaries’ shareholders and the public about our company, our subsidiaries, our product candidates and other matters. It is possible that the information that we make available in this manner may be deemed to be material information. We therefore encourage investors and others interested in our company and our public company subsidiaries to review this information.

The above-referenced information is not incorporated by reference into this filing and the website addresses and Twitter account name are provided only as inactive textual references.

Summary Risk Factors

You should consider carefully the risks described under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1.A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Roivant” and the “Company” refer to Roivant Sciences Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context requires. A summary of the risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects include the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Risks Related to Our Securities, Our Jurisdiction of Incorporation and Certain Tax Matters

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements, including matters discussed under Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Part II, Item 1. “Legal Proceedings,” Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and in other sections of this report, that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future, and statements that are not historical facts. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us taking into account information currently available to us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, they could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to risk associated with:

These risks are not exhaustive. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we

believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited, in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited, in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ROIVANT SCIENCES LTD.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Description of Business and Liquidity

(A) Description of Business

Roivant Sciences Ltd. (inclusive of its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “RSL”) aims to improve health by rapidly delivering innovative medicines and technologies to patients. The Company does this by building biotech and healthcare technology companies (“Vants”) and deploying technology to drive greater efficiency in research and development and commercialization. In addition to biopharmaceutical subsidiaries, the Company also builds technology Vants focused on improving the process of developing and commercializing medicines. The Company was founded on April 7, 2014 as a Bermuda exempted limited company.

VTAMA^® (tapinarof) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in May 2022 for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.

The Company has determined that it has one operating and reporting segment as it allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis. The Company’s subsidiaries are wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries. Refer to Note 3, “Investments” for further discussion of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities.

On September 30, 2021, RSL completed its business combination (the “Business Combination”) with Montes Archimedes Acquisition Corp. (“MAAC”), a special purpose acquisition company, and began trading on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “ROIV.”

(B) Liquidity

The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.9 billion and its accumulated deficit was approximately $3.1 billion. For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred net losses of $353.8 million and $101.1 million, respectively. The Company has historically financed its operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, sale of subsidiary interests, debt financings and revenue generated from licensing and collaboration arrangements. Through its subsidiary Dermavant Sciences Ltd., the Company has launched its first commercial product, VTAMA, following approval by the FDA in May 2022.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biopharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, uncertainties related to commercialization of products, regulatory approvals to market its product candidates, dependence on key products, dependence on third-party service providers, such as contract research organizations, and protection of intellectual property rights. Management expects to incur additional losses in the future to fund its operations and conduct product research and development and recognizes the need to raise additional capital to fully implement its business plan.

The Company intends to raise such additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, debt financings or other sources in order to further implement its business plan. However, if such financing is not available at adequate levels, the Company will need to reevaluate its operating plan and may be required to delay the development of its product candidates or take other steps to conserve capital. The Company expects its existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund its committed operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(A) Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s fiscal year ends on March 31, and its fiscal quarters end on June 30, September 30, and December 31.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and follow the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements as certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP can be condensed or omitted. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to current year presentation. Operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023, for any other interim period, or for any other future year.

Any references in these notes to applicable accounting guidance are meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (‘‘ASC’’) and Accounting Standards Updates (‘‘ASU’’) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RSL and the subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest, most often through a majority voting interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

For consolidated entities where the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the Company records net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations equal to the percentage of common stock ownership interest retained in the respective operations by the noncontrolling parties. The Company presents noncontrolling interests as a component of shareholders’ equity on its unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company accounts for changes in its ownership interest in its subsidiaries while control is retained as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to reflect the change in RSL’s ownership interest in the subsidiary. Any difference between the fair value of the consideration received or paid and the amount by which the noncontrolling interest is adjusted is recognized within shareholders’ equity attributable to RSL.

(B) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to assets, liabilities, costs, expenses, contingent liabilities, share-based compensation and research and development costs. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Additionally, the Company assessed the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on its operations and financial results as of June 30, 2022 and through the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s analysis was informed by the facts and circumstances as they were known to the Company. This assessment considered the impact COVID-19 may have on financial estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and expenses.

(C) Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk include cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash deposits and cash equivalents in highly-rated, federally-insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has established guidelines relative to diversification and maturities to maintain safety and liquidity. The Company has not experienced any credit losses related to these financial instruments and does not believe that it is exposed to any significant credit risk related to these instruments.

The Company has long-lived assets in different geographic locations. As of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, a majority of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the United States.

(D) Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash deposits in banks and all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash classified as a current asset consists of legally restricted non-interest bearing deposit accounts relating to the Company’s corporate credit card programs. Restricted cash classified as a long-term asset consists of restricted deposit accounts related to irrevocable standby letters of credit.

Cash as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows includes the aggregate amounts of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as presented on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

(E) Contingencies

The Company may be, from time to time, a party to various disputes and claims arising from normal business activities. The Company continually assesses any litigation or other claims it may confront to determine if an unfavorable outcome would lead to a probable loss or reasonably possible loss which could be estimated. The Company accrues for all contingencies at the earliest date at which the Company deems it probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely than another, the Company accrues the minimum of the range. In the cases where the Company believes that a reasonably possible loss exists, the Company discloses the facts and circumstances of the litigation, including an estimable range, if possible.

(F) Inventory

Inventories are recorded at the lower-of-cost or net realizable value, with cost determined based on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The cost basis of the Company’s inventories is reduced for any products that are considered excessive or obsolete based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventories include the cost for raw materials, the cost to manufacture the raw materials into finished goods, and overhead.

The Company performs an assessment of the recoverability of inventories during each reporting period and writes down any excess and obsolete inventories to their net realizable value in the period in which the impairment is first identified. If they occur, such impairment charges are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Prior to initial regulatory approval, the Company expenses costs relating to the production of inventory as research and development expenses when incurred. After such time as the product receives initial regulatory approval, the Company capitalizes inventory costs related to the product.

Inventory is included in “Other current assets” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(G) Investments

Investments in equity securities may be accounted for using (i) the fair value option, if elected, (ii) fair value through earnings if fair value is readily determinable or (iii) for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as applicable. The election to use the measurement alternative is made for each eligible investment.

The Company has elected the fair value option to account for certain investments over which the Company has significant influence. The Company believes the fair value option best reflects the underlying economics of the investment. See Note 3, “Investments.”

(H) Intangible Assets, Net

Finite-lived intangible assets are recorded at cost, net of accumulated amortization, and, if applicable, impairment charges. Amortization of finite-lived intangible assets is recorded over the assets’ estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis or based on the pattern in which economic benefits are consumed, if reliably determinable. The Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. See Note 4, “Intangible Assets.”

(I) Fair Value Measurements

The Company utilizes fair value measurement guidance prescribed by accounting standards to value its financial instruments. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy for financial instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Fair value is defined as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes among the following:

To the extent the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial instruments include shares of common stock of Arbutus Biopharma Corporation (“Arbutus”); shares of common stock of Sio Gene Therapies Inc. (“Sio”); shares of common stock of Heracles Parent, L.L.C., the parent entity of Datavant, (as defined and discussed in Note 3, “Investments”); liability instruments issued, including warrant and earn-out shares liabilities issued in connection with the Company’s business combination with MAAC (see Note 11, “Earn-Out Shares, Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants”); its investments in other entities; cash and cash equivalents consisting of money market funds; accounts payable; and long-term debt.

The shares of Arbutus and Sio common stock and investments in common stock with a readily determinable fair value are classified as Level 1, and their fair value is determined based upon quoted market prices in an active market. The shares of common stock of Heracles Parent, L.L.C., the parent entity of Datavant (as defined and discussed in Note 3, “Investments”) and liability instruments issued, excluding the Public Warrants (as defined and discussed in Note 11, “Earn-Out Shares, Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants”), are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as the assumptions and estimates used in the valuations are unobservable in the market. The Public Warrants are publicly traded and therefore are classified as Level 1 as the Public Warrants have a readily determinable fair value. Cash and accounts payable are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Money market funds are included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued at the closing price reported by an actively traded exchange. The carrying value of long-term debt issued by Dermavant Sciences Ltd. (together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, “Dermavant”), which is stated at amortized cost, approximates fair value based on current interest rates for similar types of borrowings and therefore is included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Long-term debt issued by Dermavant for which the fair value option has been elected is included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as the assumptions and estimates used in the valuation are unobservable in the market.

(J) Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Preclinical and clinical study costs are accrued over the service periods specified in the contracts and adjusted as necessary based upon an ongoing review of the level of effort and costs actually incurred. R&D costs primarily consist of costs associated with preclinical studies and clinical trials, including amounts paid to contract research organizations, contract manufacturing organizations, and other third parties that conduct R&D activities on behalf of the Company, as well as employee-related expenses, such as salaries, share-based compensation, and benefits, for employees engaged in R&D activities.

(K) Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses

Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses include consideration for the purchase of IPR&D through asset acquisitions and license agreements as well as payments made in connection with asset acquisitions and license agreements upon the achievement of development milestones. These expenses were previously recorded in “Research and development” on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Prior periods have been revised to conform to the current period presentation.

The Company evaluates in-licensed agreements for IPR&D projects to determine if it meets the definition of a business and thus should be accounted for as a business combination. If the in-licensed agreement for IPR&D does not meet the definition of a business and the assets have not reached technological feasibility and therefore have no alternative future use, the Company expenses payments made under such license agreements as acquired in-process research and development expense in its condensed consolidated statements of operations. Payments for milestones achieved and payments for a product license prior to regulatory approval of the product are expensed in the period incurred. Payments made in connection with regulatory and sales-based milestones are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue.

(L) Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for its arrangements, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

License, Milestone, and Other Revenue

The Company applies significant judgment when evaluating whether contractual obligations represent distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction price to performance obligations within a contract, determining when performance obligations have been met, assessing the recognition and future reversal of variable consideration, and determining and applying appropriate methods of measuring progress for performance obligations satisfied over time. These judgments are discussed in more detail below.

Revenue is also generated by certain technology-focused contracts from subscription and service-based fees recognized for the use of certain technology internally developed. Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period.

Product Revenue, Net

The Company began recognizing product revenues after the initial product launch of VTAMA following approval by the FDA in May 2022.

The Company sells VTAMA in the U.S. principally through wholesale, specialty distribution and pharmacy channels (collectively, “customers”). These customers subsequently resell the product to healthcare providers and patients. In addition to distribution agreements with customers, the Company enters into arrangements with healthcare providers and payers that provide for government-mandated and/or privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts with respect to the purchase of the Company’s product. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, either upon shipment or delivery to the customer.

Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price, or “transaction price,” which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established that result from: (a) invoice discounts for prompt payment, cash payment and distribution service fees, (b) government and private payer rebates, chargebacks, discounts and fees, (c) performance rebates and administrative fees, (d) product returns and (e) costs of co-pay assistance programs for patients. These reserves are based on amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sale and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customer) or accrued expenses and other current liabilities (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). Where appropriate, the Company utilizes the expected value method to determine the appropriate amount for estimates of variable consideration. The estimates of reserves established for variable consideration reflect current contractual and statutory requirements, the Company’s historical experience, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in net product revenues only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates in the period such change in estimate becomes known, which could affect net product revenue and earnings in the period of the adjustment.

More specifically, these adjustments include the following:

Product revenue through June 30, 2022 has not been significant and is included in “Revenue, net” on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Trade Receivables, Net

The Company monitors the financial performance and creditworthiness of its customers so that it can properly assess and respond to changes in customer credit profiles. The Company reserves against trade receivables for estimated losses that may arise from a customer’s inability to pay, and any amounts determined to be uncollectible are written off against the reserve when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected. The reserve amount for estimated losses was de minimis as of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022. Trade receivables, net is included in “Other current assets” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(M) Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues related to the Company’s subscription and service-based revenue recognized for the use of technology developed consists primarily of employee, hosting, and third-party data costs. Following the initial product launch of VTAMA, the Company began to recognize cost of product revenues, which includes the cost of producing and distributing inventories related to product revenue during the respective period, including manufacturing, freight, and indirect overhead costs. Additionally, cost of product revenues may include costs related to excess or obsolete inventory adjustment charges, abnormal costs, unabsorbed manufacturing and overhead costs, and manufacturing variances. Cost of product revenues through June 30, 2022 has not been significant and is included in “Cost of Revenues” on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 3—Investments

Investment in Arbutus

In October 2017, pursuant to a subscription agreement entered into by RSL and Arbutus, RSL acquired 16,013,540 shares of common stock of Arbutus and 1,164,000 shares of Arbutus’ Series A participating convertible preferred shares, which converted into 22,833,922 shares of Arbutus common stock in October 2021. The Company accounts for its investment in Arbutus as an equity method investment accounted for using the fair value option. Due to the Company’s significant influence over operating and financial policies, Arbutus is considered a related party of the Company. At June 30, 2022, RSL held approximately 26% of issued and outstanding shares of Arbutus.

At June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the aggregate fair value of the Company’s investment in Arbutus was $105.3 million and $115.8 million, respectively, with the Company recognizing unrealized losses on its investment in Arbutus of $10.5 million and $11.7 million in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fair value of the Company’s investment was determined using the closing price of Arbutus’s common stock on June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 of $2.71 and $2.98, respectively.

Investment in Sio

In February 2020, RSL’s ownership interest in Sio fell below 50.0%, and as a result, the Company deconsolidated Sio. The Company accounts for its investment in Sio as an equity method investment accounted for using the fair value option. Due to the Company’s significant influence over operating and financial policies, Sio is considered a related party of the Company. At June 30, 2022, RSL held approximately 25% of Sio’s issued and outstanding common shares.

At June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s investment in Sio was $6.7 million and $12.4 million, respectively, with the Company recognizing an unrealized loss on its investment in Sio of $5.7 million and an unrealized gain of $2.2 million in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fair value of common shares held by the Company was determined using the closing price of Sio’s common stock on June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 of $0.36 and $0.67, respectively.

Investment in Datavant

In April 2020, following an equity raise completed by Datavant Holdings, Inc. (“Datavant”) along with a restructuring of Datavant’s equity classes, it was determined that RSL no longer controlled Datavant. As such, the Company deconsolidated Datavant as of April 2020. Due to the Company’s significant influence over operating and financial policies, Datavant is considered a related party of the Company.

In June 2021, Datavant and Heracles Parent, L.L.C. (referred to herein as “Ciox Parent” and, after the closing of the Datavant Merger (as defined below), “Datavant”), a provider of healthcare information services and technology solutions to hospitals, health systems, physician practices and authorized recipients of protected health records in the United States, primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary CIOX Health, LLC, entered into a definitive agreement to merge Datavant with and into a newly formed wholly owned subsidiary of Ciox Parent (the “Datavant Merger”). The merger closed on July 27, 2021. At closing, the Company received approximately $320 million in cash and a minority equity stake in Ciox Parent. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s minority equity interest represented approximately 17% of the outstanding Class A units in Ciox Parent. Ciox Parent’s capital structure includes several classes of preferred units that, among other features, have liquidation preferences and conversion features. Upon conversion of such preferred units into Class A units, the Company’s ownership interest would be diluted.

Following the completion of the Datavant Merger, the Company’s minority equity interest became subject to the equity method of accounting. At such time, the fair value option was elected to continuously remeasure the investment to fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value reflected in earnings. As of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s investment was $186.9 million and $193.9 million, respectively, with the Company recognizing an unrealized loss on its investment of $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The fair value of the Company’s investment was determined using valuation models that incorporate significant unobservable inputs and is classified as a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value Measurements” for more information.

Note 4—Intangible Assets

In July 2018, Dermavant acquired the worldwide rights (other than for China) with respect to certain intellectual property rights retained by Welichem Biotech Inc. (“Welichem”) to VTAMA and related compounds from Glaxo Group Limited and GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd. (collectively, “GSK”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement. GSK previously acquired rights to a predecessor formulation from Welichem pursuant to an asset purchase agreement between GSK and Welichem entered into in May 2012. The Company evaluated the agreement and determined that the acquired assets did not meet the definition of a business and thus the transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.

Following the FDA approval of VTAMA in May 2022, the Company became obligated to pay a regulatory milestone to GSK of £100.0 million (approximately $126 million on the date of achievement) following the receipt of marketing approval of VTAMA in the United States. The milestone was paid in July 2022.

Additionally, the first sale of VTAMA in May 2022 resulted in the achievement of a milestone to Welichem Biotech Inc. of CAD$25.0 million (approximately $20 million on the date of achievement). The milestone was paid in August 2022.

Both of the above milestones were capitalized as intangible assets upon achievement and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

As of June 30, 2022, the amounts owed to GSK and Welichem for these milestones were recorded as part of “Accounts payable” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The following table summarizes the Company’s recognized intangible assets (in thousands):

Amortization expense was $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and was recorded as part of “Cost of revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Future amortization expense is approximately $6.7 million for the remainder of the year ended March 31, 2023, $8.9 million for each of the years ended from March 31, 2024 through March 31, 2027 and $103.1 million thereafter.

Note 5—Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses at June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Note 6—Long-Term Debt

Dermavant

Funding Agreement with NovaQuest

In connection with Dermavant’s acquisition of tapinarof from GSK pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “GSK Agreement”), Dermavant and NovaQuest Co-Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (“NovaQuest”) entered into a funding agreement (the “NovaQuest Agreement”). Pursuant to the NovaQuest Agreement, Dermavant borrowed $100.0 million in August 2018 and $17.5 million in October 2018.

In exchange for the $117.5 million in total funding from NovaQuest, Dermavant agreed to make fixed payments to NovaQuest under the NovaQuest Agreement upon regulatory approval of tapinarof. For each of the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis indications, Dermavant is required to make quarterly payments to NovaQuest totaling $176.3 million per indication over a six-year period following regulatory approval of tapinarof for the applicable indication in the United States. In the event that Dermavant receives regulatory approval for one indication, and Dermavant terminates the development of the other indication for any reason other than a Technical Failure (as defined below), then Dermavant will be required to make the above-referenced quarterly payments to NovaQuest up to $440.6 million over a 15-year period for the approved indication, which are referred to as 15-year Payments. A Technical Failure is deemed to occur for an indication if the development program for such indication is terminated due to (1) significant safety concerns, (2) material adverse developments or (3) the receipt by Dermavant of a complete response letter or a final non-approval letter from the FDA is expected to result in significant delay in or cost to reach commercialization for the applicable indication. In addition, Dermavant is required to make up to $141.0 million in payments to NovaQuest upon achievement of certain commercial milestones. In the event that Dermavant is required to start making 15-year Payments, then Dermavant has the right to offset such amounts by up to $88.1 million of the commercial milestone payments, with such offset being applied to the quarterly payments in reverse chronological order (such that the final quarterly payments owed will be used first to offset the commercial milestone payments). The NovaQuest Agreement does not contain any royalty payment requirements on commercialization of tapinarof. Upon receiving FDA approval, Dermavant made its first quarterly payment of $7.3 million under the NovaQuest Agreement in May 2022.

At issuance, the Company concluded that certain features of the long-term debt would be considered derivatives that would require bifurcation. In lieu of bifurcating various features in the agreement, the Company has elected the fair value option for this financial instrument and will record the changes in the fair value within the statements of operations at the end of each reporting period. Direct costs and fees related to the debt issued under the NovaQuest Agreement were recognized in earnings. As of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, the fair value of the debt was $228.0 million and $177.4 million, respectively. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional details regarding the fair value measurement.

The carrying balance of the debt issued to NovaQuest is as follows (in thousands):

Credit Facility with XYQ Luxco

In May 2021, Dermavant entered into a $40.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) entered into by Dermavant and certain of its subsidiaries in May 2021 with XYQ Luxco S.A.R.L (“XYQ Luxco”), as lender, and U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent. The Credit Facility has a five-year maturity and bears an interest rate of 10.0% per annum. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of each calendar quarter through the maturity date. A lump sum principal payment is due on the maturity date. Dermavant is also obligated to pay an exit fee of $5.0 million. The exit fee can be reduced to $4.0 million upon achievement of certain equity milestones defined in the agreement, which are not deemed likely as of June 30, 2022. In connection with the funding of the Credit Facility, Dermavant issued a warrant to XYQ Luxco to purchase 1,199,072 common shares of Dermavant at an exercise price of $0.01 per common share.

Outstanding debt obligations to XYQ Luxco are as follows (in thousands):

Revenue Interest Purchase and Sale Agreement

In May 2021, Dermavant, as seller, entered into a $160.0 million revenue interest purchase and sale agreement (the “RIPSA”) for its investigational product tapinarof with XYQ Luxco, NovaQuest Co-Investment Fund XVII, L.P., an affiliate of NovaQuest Capital Management, LLC, and MAM Tapir Lender, LLC, an affiliate of Marathon Asset Management, L.P. (collectively, the “Purchasers”), together with U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent. Under the terms of the RIPSA, Dermavant issued to the Purchasers the right to receive royalties based on a capped single-digit revenue interest in net sales of tapinarof for all dermatological indications in the United States, up to a cap of $344.0 million, in exchange for $160.0 million in committed funding, which was paid to Dermavant in June 2022 following the approval of tapinarof by the FDA.

The transaction is accounted for as debt. Over the term of the arrangement, the effective interest rate will be updated prospectively each reporting period based on the carrying amount of the note, payments made to date, and the estimated remaining cash flows related to the note.

The RIPSA carrying balance is as follows (in thousands):

Note 7—Shareholders’ Equity

(A) RSL Common Stock

On September 30, 2021 in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company effected a 2.9262-for-1 stock subdivision based on the fixed exchange ratio established in the Business Combination. All per share amounts and number of shares in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock split.

Additionally, in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company adjusted its authorized share capital to equal 7,000,000,000 common shares, par value $0.0000000341740141 per share. Each common share has the right to one vote. The holders of common shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared by the board of directors since the Company’s inception.

(B) Committed Equity Facility

On February 14, 2022, the Company entered into a committed equity facility (the “Facility”) with an affiliate of Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”). Under the terms of the Facility, Cantor has committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million in the Company’s common shares from time to time at the request of the Company, subject to certain limitations and the satisfaction of certain conditions. Any sales of the Company’s common shares to Cantor under the Facility will be made at 99% of the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common shares on Nasdaq on a given trading day. In consideration for entry into the Facility, the Company paid Cantor an upfront commitment fee in the form of 145,986 common shares. As of June 30, 2022, $250.0 million of the Company’s common shares remained available for sale under the Facility.

Note 8—Share-Based Compensation

(A) RSL Equity Incentive Plans

RSL has three equity incentives plans: the Roivant Sciences Ltd. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “RSL 2021 EIP”), the Roivant Sciences Ltd. Amended and Restated 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, and the Roivant Sciences Ltd. Amended and Restated 2015 Restricted Stock Unit Plan (collectively, the “RSL Equity Plans”). The RSL 2021 EIP was approved and adopted in connection with the Business Combination and became effective immediately prior to closing. At June 30, 2022, a total of 13,190,403 common shares were available for future grants under the RSL 2021 EIP.

Stock Options and Performance Stock Options

Activity for stock options and performance options under the RSL Equity Plans for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows:

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units

Activity for restricted stock units and performance stock units under the RSL Equity Plans for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows:

Capped Value Appreciation Rights

March 2020 CVAR Grants

In March 2020, the Company granted capped value appreciation rights (“CVARs”) that will pay at settlement the excess in shares of (a) the lesser of (i) the fair market value of a common share as of the settlement date or (ii) the cap of $12.68, over (b) the hurdle price of either $6.40 or $11.50, as applicable to each grant. On March 30, 2022, the Company amended the outstanding CVARs that were granted in March 2020. Pursuant to the amendment, in the event any CVARs have satisfied the time-based service and liquidity event vesting requirements (“service-vested CVARs”) but have not satisfied the applicable hurdle price on an applicable measurement date, then such CVARs will be deemed to remain outstanding and the applicable award holder will be provided the right to earn such CVARs if the hurdle price is satisfied on subsequent annual “hurdle measurement dates” prior to the original expiration date of the CVARs, being March 31, 2026. The “hurdle measurement dates” are March 30 of each of years 2023 through 2026. If the hurdle price is not satisfied on any such subsequent annual hurdle measurement date prior to the expiration date of the CVARs, then the CVARs will be forfeited in their entirety on the expiration date. As of June 30, 2022, there are 11,826,924 non-service-vested CVARs and 20,185,072 service-vested CVARs relating to the March 2020 grants. The hurdle price was not satisfied for these service-vested CVARs and as such they remain outstanding.

November 2021 CVAR Grants

Activity for CVARs under the RSL 2021 EIP for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows:

(B) Subsidiary Equity Incentive Plans

Certain wholly owned and majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries of RSL adopt their own equity incentive plan (“EIP”). Each EIP is generally structured so that the applicable subsidiary, and its affiliates’ employees, directors, officers and consultants are eligible to receive non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted share awards, restricted stock unit awards, and other share awards under their respective EIP. The Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $11.5 million and $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to subsidiary EIPs.

Note 9—Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was (1.1)% and (0.1)%, respectively. The effective tax rate is driven by the Company’s jurisdictional earnings by location and a valuation allowance that eliminates the Company’s global net deferred tax assets.

The Company assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets at each balance sheet date based on available positive and negative evidence in order to determine the amount which is more likely than not to be realized and records a valuation allowance as necessary.

Note 10—Commitments and Contingencies

(A) Commitments

In conjunction with the purchase agreement of tapinarof between the Company’s subsidiary, Dermavant and GSK, Dermavant entered into a clinical supply agreement for which GSK would provide a supply of tapinarof and clinical product at an agreed upon price during the Company’s clinical trials. In April 2019, Dermavant entered into a commercial supply agreement with GSK to continue to provide certain quantities of tapinarof and commercial product at agreed upon minimum quantities and price. The commercial supply agreement commenced in April 2022 upon completion of certain quality and regulatory conditions. In July 2022, Dermavant and GSK amended the terms of the clinical supply and commercial supply agreements which released GSK of certain commitments to supply tapinarof and released Dermavant of certain commitments to purchase tapinarof in exchange for a supplementary fee. Other supply and purchase commitments under the agreements remain in effect. In addition, Dermavant and Thermo Fisher Scientific (“TFS”) entered into a Commercial Manufacturing and Supply Agreement for which TFS will provide a supply of tapinarof to Dermavant at an agreed upon price. The agreements discussed above require Dermavant to purchase certain quantities of inventory over a period of five years. The minimum purchase commitment related to these agreements is estimated to be approximately $48.2 million.

In November 2021, the Company’s subsidiary, Immunovant, Inc. (“Immunovant”), entered into a Product Service Agreement with Samsung Biologics Co., Ltd. (“Samsung”) by which Samsung will manufacture and supply Immunovant with batoclimab drug substance for commercial sale and perform other manufacturing-related services with respect to batoclimab. As of June 30, 2022, the minimum purchase commitment related to this agreement is estimated to be approximately $36.0 million.

In May 2021, the Company entered into a master subscription agreement with Palantir Technologies Inc. (“Palantir”) for access to Palantir’s proprietary software for a five-year period. As of June 30, 2022, the remaining minimum payments for this software subscription are $30.0 million.

The Company, primarily through its subsidiaries, has entered into commitments under various asset acquisition and license agreements. Additionally, the Company through its subsidiaries enters into agreements with contract service providers to assist in the performance of its R&D activities. Expenditures to contract research organizations and contract manufacturing organizations represent significant costs in the clinical development of its product candidates. Subject to required notice periods and certain obligations under binding purchase orders, the Company can elect to discontinue the work under these agreements at any time. The Company expects to enter into additional collaborative research, contract research, manufacturing, and supplier agreements in the future, which may require upfront payments and long-term commitments of capital resources.

The Company also has commitments relating to its long-term debt and operating leases. Refer to Note 6, “Long-Term Debt” for further information. There have been no material changes to the commitments relating to the Company’s operating leases during the three months ended June 30, 2022 outside the ordinary course of business. For further information regarding the Company’s lease commitments, refer to Note 12, “Leases” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022.

(B) Loss Contingencies

The Company may be, from time to time, a party to various disputes and claims arising from normal business activities. The Company accrues for loss contingencies when available information indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated, and if the Company believes that a reasonably possible loss exists, the Company discloses the facts and circumstances of the litigation or claim, including an estimable range, if possible.

Immunovant Securities Litigation

In February 2021, a putative securities class action complaint was filed against Immunovant and certain of its current and former officers in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York on behalf of a class consisting of those who acquired Immunovant’s securities from October 2, 2019 and February 1, 2021. The complaint alleged that Immunovant and certain of its officers violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, by making false and misleading statements regarding the safety of batoclimab and sought unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. On December 29, 2021, the U.S. District Court appointed a lead plaintiff. On February 1, 2022, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint adding both (i) the Company and (ii) Immunovant’s directors and underwriters as defendants, and asserting additional claims under Section 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on behalf of a putative class consisting of those who purchased or otherwise acquired Immunovant’s securities pursuant and/or

traceable to Immunovant’s follow-on public offering on or about September 2, 2020. On March 15, 2022, the lead plaintiff filed a further amended complaint. On May 27, 2022, the defendants, including the Company, filed motions to dismiss that amended complaint. The fully briefed motion to dismiss, including defendants’ opening briefs, lead plaintiff’s opposition and defendants’ replies must be filed with the court or before September 9, 2022. The Company intends to continue to vigorously defend the case and has not recorded a liability related to this lawsuit because, at this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate possible losses or determine whether an unfavorable outcome is either probable or remote.

Acuitas Declaratory Judgment Action

In March 2022, Acuitas Therapeutics Inc. filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against two of the Company’s affiliates, Genevant and Arbutus, seeking a declaratory judgment that U.S. Patents 8,058,069, 8,492,359, 8,822,668, 9,006,417, 9,364,435, 9,404,127, 9,504,651, 9,518,272 and 11,141,378 are not infringed by the manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale or importation into the United States of COMIRNATY, Pfizer’s and BioNTech’s vaccine for COVID-19 and are otherwise invalid. On June 24, 2022, Genevant and Arbutus informed the court of their intent to file a motion to dismiss the lawsuit for lack of an actual controversy. Each of Genevant and Arbutus intend to continue to vigorously defend the case.

(C) Indemnification Agreements

The Company is a party to a number of agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business that contain typical provisions that obligate the Company to indemnify the other parties to such agreements upon the occurrence of certain events. The aggregate maximum potential future liability of the Company under such indemnification provisions is uncertain. The Company also indemnifies each of its directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, the Company currently maintain director and officer liability insurance, which may cover certain liabilities arising from the Company’s obligation to indemnify its directors. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs related to these indemnification obligations and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022.

Note 11—Earn-Out Shares, Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants

Earn-Out Shares

In connection with the Business Combination, the Company issued the following:

The Vesting Period commenced on November 9, 2021 and ends no later than September 30, 2026 (the “Vesting Period”). The Vesting Period will, if a definitive purchase agreement with respect to a Sale (as defined in the Sponsor Support Agreement) is entered into on or prior to the end of such period, be extended to the earlier of one day after the consummation of such Sale and the termination of such definitive transaction agreement, and if a Sale occurs during such Vesting Period, then all of the Earn-Out Shares unvested as of such time will automatically vest immediately prior to the consummation of such Sale. If any Earn-Out Shares have not vested on or prior to the end of such Vesting Period, then such Earn-Out Shares will be forfeited.

The Earn-Out Shares require liability classification and are classified as “Liability instruments measured at fair value” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Earn-Out Shares liability is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s statement of operations. As of June 30, 2022, no Earn-Out Shares have vested.

Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants

Immediately following the Business Combination, the Company had 10,214,365 outstanding warrants for the purchase of one of the Company’s common shares, which were held by the MAAC Sponsor at an exercise price of $11.50 (the “Private Placement Warrants”), and 20,535,896 outstanding warrants for the purchase of one of the Company’s common shares, which were held by MAAC’s shareholders at an exercise price of $11.50 (the “Public Warrants”). Pursuant to the agreement governing these warrants, the Private Placement Warrants and Public Warrants became exercisable 30 days following the completion of the Business Combination and will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Private Placement Warrants are generally identical to the Public Warrants, except that (i) the Private Placement Warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants) were not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination (ii) they will not be redeemable by the Company when the price per share of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $18.00, and (iii) the Private Placement Warrants may be exercised by holders on a cashless basis. If the Private Placement Warrants are held by holders other than the MAAC Sponsor or its permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by the Company in all redemption scenarios and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Private Placement Warrants and Public Warrants require liability classification and are classified as “Liability instruments measured at fair value” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Private Placement Warrants liability and Public Warrants liability are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s statement of operations. As of June 30, 2022, 60,021 Public Warrants have been exercised and none redeemed.

Note 12—Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022, by level, within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

There were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Level 3 Disclosures

The Company measures its Level 3 assets and liabilities at fair value based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which causes them to be classified as a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of the Level 3 assets and liabilities uses assumptions and estimates the Company believes would be made by a market participant in making the same valuation. The Company assesses these assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis as additional data impacting the assumptions and estimates are obtained. Changes in the fair value related to updated assumptions and estimates are recorded within the statements of operations at the end of each reporting period.

The fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities may change significantly as additional data are obtained, impacting the Company’s assumptions regarding probabilities of potential scenarios used to estimate fair value. In evaluating this information, considerable judgment is required to interpret the data used to develop the assumptions and estimates. Accordingly, the use of different market assumptions and/or different valuation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts, and such changes could materially impact the Company’s results of operations in future periods.

The changes in fair value of the Level 3 assets during the three months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

There were no Level 3 assets held during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

The changes in fair value of the Level 3 liabilities during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Investment in Datavant

The Company elected the fair value option to account for the investment in Datavant. The estimate of fair value for this investment was determined using the income approach and implementation of the option pricing method (“OPM”). The OPM allows for the allocation of a company’s equity value among the various equity capital owners (preferred and common shareholders). The OPM uses the preferred shareholders’ liquidation preferences, participation rights, dividend policy, and conversion rights to determine how proceeds from a liquidity event shall be distributed among the various ownership classes at a future date. The fair value was calculated using significant unobservable inputs including the following:

Debt issued by Dermavant to NovaQuest

The fair value of the debt instrument as of June 30, 2022 and March 31, 2022 represents the fair value of amounts payable to NovaQuest using the Monte Carlo simulation method under the income approach determined by using probability assessments of the expected future payments through 2032. The future payments are based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market which are subject to remeasurement at each reporting date. The estimates of fair value may not be indicative of the amounts that could ultimately be paid by Dermavant to NovaQuest.

Earn-Out Shares

The fair value of the Earn-Out Shares issued as part of the Business Combination was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method under the income approach. The model was structured to include the lock-up periods to which the Earn-Out Shares are subject. Refer to Note 11, “Earn-Out Shares, Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants” for additional details. Significant unobservable inputs used to calculate the fair value of the Earn-Out Shares included the following:

As of June 30, 2022, the fair value of the Earn-Out Shares was $7.2 million. Earn-Out Shares are included in “Liability instruments measured at fair value” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Private Placement Warrants

The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants issued as part of the Business Combination was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method under the income approach. The model was structured to incorporate the redemption features as discussed in Note 11, “Earn-Out Shares, Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants” and the added restriction by which the Company cannot redeem the Private Warrants if the Reference Value is greater than $18.00. Significant unobservable inputs used to calculate the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants included the following:

As of June 30, 2022, the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants was $6.1 million. The Private Placement Warrants are included in “Liability instruments measured at fair value” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 13—Other Expense (Income), Net

Other expense (income), net was as follows (in thousands):

Note 14—Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Roivant Sciences Ltd. by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Roivant Sciences Ltd. by the diluted weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period.

For periods of loss, diluted loss per share is calculated similar to basic loss per share as the effect of including all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive. All outstanding common stock equivalents have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive due to the net loss.

As of June 30, 2022 and 2021, potentially dilutive securities were as follows:

The following discussion and analysis of Roivant’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Roivant’s (1) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and (2) audited consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on June 28, 2022 (the “Form 10-K”). Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Roivant’s actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Please see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 and our fiscal quarters end on June 30, September 30 and December 31.

Overview

We are building the next-generation “big pharma” company, organized to harness modern technologies and computational tools as well as the entrepreneurial spirit of nimble biotechnology companies at scale. Our mission is improve the delivery of healthcare to patients by treating every inefficiency as an opportunity.

We are a diverse team of experienced drug developers, scientists, physicians, company builders, data scientists and engineers, biopharma investors, physicists and business development professionals dedicated to improving the lives of patients. At Roivant, we combine our team’s extensive experience and multi-disciplinary expertise with innovative technologies to identify and advance potentially transformative medicines.

We deploy a hypothesis-driven approach to identify novel or clinically-validated targets and biological pathways in areas of high unmet medical need. We then seek to acquire, in-license or discover promising drug candidates against those targets or pathways. Our small molecule discovery engine is powered by leading computational physics and machine learning (“ML”) capabilities for in silico drug design.

We develop drugs and drug candidates in subsidiary companies we call “Vants” with a distinct approach to sourcing talent, aligning incentives and deploying technology. Each of our Vant teams is built with deep relevant expertise to promote successful execution of our development strategy. Our Vants continue to benefit from the support of the Roivant platform and technologies that are built to address inefficiencies in the drug discovery, development and commercialization process.

Our agile Vant model has allowed us to rapidly add capabilities in diverse therapeutic areas, including immunology, dermatology and oncology, and modalities, including biologics, topicals and bifunctional small molecules. We have launched and taken public multiple Vants, resulting in an aggregate ownership stake of approximately $451 million in our publicly-traded Vants as of June 30, 2022 (inclusive of the value of certain shares of Myovant Sciences Ltd. as to which Roivant has a return right under certain circumstances). The Vant model also enables a modular approach to the monetization of therapies we advance through development, allowing us to pursue commercialization of some products independently, while selectively establishing partnerships for other Vants or divesting of the Vants entirely.

Since our founding in 2014, we have:

The following table summarizes selected commercial and development-stage pipeline products and product candidates.

Note: All preclinical and clinical stage drugs in our current pipeline are investigational and subject to health authority approval. Pipeline reflects both ongoing preclinical and clinical trials and expected upcoming trials.

Our in silico small molecule discovery engine at Roivant Discovery is powered by our QUAISAR (QUantum, AI, and Structure-Activity Relationships) capabilities. The key components of our small molecule discovery engine include:

The following table summarizes our ownership of our subsidiary companies and certain affiliates as of June 30, 2022.

Note: Excludes early-stage pipeline of protein degraders and inhibitors being developed through our small molecule discovery engine. Ownership figures as of June 30, 2022.

We have a robust calendar of potential near-term catalysts, including the items set forth below.

Note: References are to calendar years. All catalyst timings are based on current expectations and, where applicable, contingent on FDA feedback, and may be subject to change.

Recent Developments

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to present global public health and economic challenges that may impact our business. Although some of our clinical development timelines have been impacted by delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have not experienced a material financial impact on our business and operations as a result of the pandemic. However, the impact on our future operations and financial results will largely depend on future developments related to COVID-19, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, such as the continued emergence of new variants of COVID-19, the ultimate duration of the pandemic, the continuing impact of the pandemic on financial markets and the global economy, travel restrictions and other preventative measures implemented in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to manage the pandemic, including the availability and effectiveness of vaccines, and vaccine booster shots.

For additional information about risks and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic that may impact our business, financial condition and results of operations, see the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue, net

With the approval of VTAMA for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients by the FDA in May 2022, we began to recognize product revenues after our initial product launch. We record product revenue net of estimated chargebacks, discounts, rebates, returns, and other allowances associated with the respective sales. Revenue, net also includes the recognition of upfront payments received in connection with license agreements as well as revenue generated by subscription and service-based fees. Our revenue recognized from inception through June 30, 2022 has not been significant.

Cost of revenues

We began to recognize cost of product revenues after the initial launch of VTAMA in May 2022. Cost of product revenues includes the cost of producing and distributing inventories related to product revenue during the respective period, including manufacturing, freight, and indirect overhead costs. Additionally, milestone payments made in connection with regulatory approvals and sales-based milestones are capitalized and amortized to cost of revenue over the remaining useful life of the asset. Our cost of revenues also relates to subscription and service-based revenue recognized for the use of technology developed and consists primarily of employee, hosting, and third-party data costs. Our cost of revenues through June 30, 2022 has not been significant.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses consist mainly of costs incurred in connection with the discovery and development of our product candidates. Research and development expenses primarily include the following:

Research and development activities will continue to be central to our business model. We anticipate that our research and development expenses will increase for the foreseeable future as we advance our product candidates through preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as acquire new product candidates. In addition, we expect our research and development expenses to increase in the future, including as a result of ongoing work at Roivant Discovery, our small molecule discovery engine, comprising advanced computational physics and machine learning capabilities, integrated with an in-house wet lab facility. Research and development expenses will also be driven in part by the number of drug candidates from Roivant Discovery that we advance into preclinical studies and clinical trials. We expect higher employee-related expenses, including higher share-based compensation expenses, as well as higher consulting costs as we hire additional resources to support increasing development activity.

The duration, costs and timing of preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates will depend on a variety of factors that include, but are not limited to, the following:

The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain, and we cannot reasonably estimate the costs that will be necessary to complete the remainder of the development of our product candidates. In addition, the probability of success for our product candidates will depend on numerous factors, including competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability.

Acquired in-process research and development expenses

Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expenses include consideration for the purchase of IPR&D through asset acquisitions and license agreements as well as payments made in connection with asset acquisitions and license agreements upon the achievement of development milestones. These expenses were previously recorded in “Research and development” on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Prior periods have been revised to conform to the current period presentation.

Consideration for the purchase of IPR&D through asset acquisitions and license agreements includes cash upfront payments, shares and other liability instruments issued, and fair value of future contingent consideration payments.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, such as salaries, share-based compensation, sales incentive compensation and benefits, for employees engaged in SG&A activities, including those responsible for the identification and acquisition or in-license of new drug candidates as well as for managing Vant operations and facilitating the use of our platform and technologies at the Vants. SG&A expenses also consist of legal and accounting fees, consulting services, marketing programs, advertising and other operating costs relating to corporate matters and daily operations. Additionally, SG&A expenses include costs incurred relating to the identification, acquisition or in-license and technology transfer of promising drug candidates along with costs incurred relating to the integration of new technologies.

We expect SG&A expenses to increase in future periods as we continue to expand our sales and marketing infrastructure and general administrative functions. These increases will likely include salaries, sales incentive compensation, share-based compensation and travel expenses associated with our sales force, which began promoting VTAMA in the United States following approval by the FDA in May 2022, as well as expected costs associated with the further build out of our commercial operations functions. We anticipate these expenses to further increase if any of our other current or future product candidates receives regulatory approval in the United States or another jurisdiction.

Change in fair value of investments

Change in fair value of investments includes the unrealized loss (gain) on equity investments in publicly-traded companies, including Sio Gene Therapies Inc. (“Sio”) and Arbutus Biopharma Corporation (“Arbutus”), as well as our equity investment in Heracles Parent, L.L.C., the parent entity of the Datavant business (“Datavant”), following Datavant’s merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Heracles Parent, L.L.C., the parent company of CIOX Health, (the “Datavant Merger”) in July 2021 at which point our minority equity interest in Datavant became subject to the equity method of accounting. We have elected the fair value option to account for these investments.

Change in fair value of debt and liability instruments

Change in fair value of debt and liability instruments primarily includes the unrealized loss (gain) relating to the measurement and recognition of fair value on a recurring basis of certain liabilities, including debt issued by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dermavant Sciences Ltd. to NovaQuest Co-Investment Fund VIII, L.P. (the “NovaQuest Facility”), and other liability instruments, including warrant and earn-out share liabilities issued in connection with our business combination (the “Business Combination”) with Montes Archimedes Acquisition Corp. (“MAAC”), a special purpose acquisition company.

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net consists of interest expense resulting from interest accrued on long-term debt and the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, interest income on our cash and cash equivalents, and other miscellaneous expense (income).

Income tax expense

Income tax expense is recorded for the jurisdictions in which we do business. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and the respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded when, after consideration of all positive and negative evidence, it is not more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realizable. When uncertain tax positions exist, we recognize the tax benefit of tax positions to the extent that the benefit will more likely than not be realized. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances.

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests consists of the portion of net loss of those consolidated entities that is not allocated to us. Changes in the amount of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests are directly impacted by the net loss of our consolidated entities and changes in ownership percentages.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Variance analysis for three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

Revenue, net

Revenue, net decreased by $3.4 million to $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $7.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Revenue generated was not significant in either period presented.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues increased by $1.0 million to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Cost of revenues was not significant in either period presented.

Research and development expenses

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, our research and development expenses consisted of the following: